Practice and exploration of telemedicine in the prevention and control of COVID-19

The COVID-19 epidemic came suddenly and spread rapidly. The best strategy to control the spread of disease is to reduce population mobility and reduce the close contact between people. Telemedicine first appeared in the European and American countries in the 1950s.Telemedicine is a very practical and urgent new medical form. Telemedicine has many forms and scales. Compared with traditional medicine, it has many advantages. It realizes the sharing of medical resources, saves the treatment time and improves the treatment efficiency. By means of telemedicine services, remote diagnosis and remote consultation can be realized without transferring patients and dispatching doctors, which saves time and labor costs and helps to improve the treatment efficiency. Different countries have different telemedicine models, which can learn from some good practical experience, but there are also some shortcomings. The protection of patient privacy also needs to be further improved. With the promotion and application of 5g communication and information technology, telemedicine will be constantly improved and have a broader application prospect.This article will review the development and limitations of telemedicine from the perspective of COVID-19. © 2023 SPIE.

The Impact of Industrial Linkage Structures on Urban Economic Resilience in China in the Context of the COVID-19 Shock

The structures of industrial linkages form an essential basis for the economy and have an important impact on urban economic resilience. By analyzing the impact of COVID-19 on China's urban economy in 2020, this study uses China's national input-output table to measure the centrality and diversity of industrial linkage structures. Extracted data from 298 cities in China are used to explore the impact of centrality and diversity on urban economic resilience. The results show that the cities in East China, Central China, and the Chengdu-Chongqing area in western China have a high centrality with respect to industrial linkage structures. Cities in the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River city cluster, and the Chengdu-Chongqing city cluster have a high diversity of industrial linkages structures. During the shock of the COVID-19 pandemic, most cities in China have shown high economic resilience. For cities across the country, diversity shows a significant and positive correlation with economic resilience, and centrality shows a significant and positive correlation with economic resilience. The latter displays an inverted U-shaped relationship between centrality and economic resilience. For cities with different population sizes, there are differences in the impacts of centrality and diversity on urban economic resilience. Different industrial policies can be developed to adjust the centrality and diversity of the cities to enhance urban economic resilience.

Sickness absenteeism among primary and middle school students in Nanjing during 2019-2021

Objective To understand the sickness absenteeism among primary and middle school students in Nanjing during 2019-2021 so as to provide evidence for infectious diseases prevention and control in school settings.Methods Data on sickness absenteeism among primary and middle school students in Nanjing during 2019-2021 were collected through the Health Surveillance System of Students in Jiangsu. Descriptive analysis was conducted to compare the sickness absenteeism symptoms and pathogeny as well as time distribution among different terms and academic years.Results The overall sickness absenteeism during 2019-2021 were 0.25% 0.39% and 0.73% χ2 = 392 611.44 P<0.01. The rate of sickness absenteeism in primary school was higher than that of middle schools across 2019 to 2021 χ2 = 47 783.45 20 935.07 13 459.63 P<0.01. The most common symptoms of sickness absenteeism were fever and cough. The leading cause of sickness absenteeism was influenza followed by gastrointestinal diseases. In addition unintentional injuries were currently the fourth leading cause. The peaks of absenteeism occurred during November to December and March to April in the 2019 and 2021. Due to the COVID-19 epidemic the second peak in the 2020 academic year occurred in June.Conclusion The sickness absenteeism among primary and middle school students in Nanjing showed an increasing trend and more attention should be paid to primary school students. Prevention efforts should focus on respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases in schools especially in winter and spring. It is of great significance to strengthen sickness absenteeism surveillance for future epidemic prevention and control in schools under normal conditions. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.

Modeling tourists’ preference between hotels and peer-to-peer (P2P) sharing accommodation: a pre- and post-COVID-19 comparison

Purpose: With the rapid development of sharing economy, travelers are facing choices between conventional hotels and the peer-to-peer sharing accommodation in urban tourism. The purpose of this study is to examine how travelers form their preferences in such choice situations and whether/how their preference formation mode would change with the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach: A relative preference model was constructed and estimated for both domestic and outbound tourists, based on two waves of survey data collected before and after the COVID-19. The results of this study were compared to derive the evolution of preference formation patterns. Findings: A set of 15 key value attributes and personal traits was identified, together with their differential effects with the pandemic. Their divergent effects between domestic and outbound trips were also delineated. Based on these findings, the competitive edges and advantageous market profiles were depicted for both hotel and sharing accommodation sectors. Originality/value: This study contributes to the knowledge of tourists’ preference between accommodation types and adds empirical evidences to the impact of the pandemic on tourist behavior patterns. Both hotel and sharing accommodation practitioners can benefit from the findings to enhance their competitiveness. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.

AI-aided on-chip nucleic acid assay for smart diagnosis of infectious disease

Global pandemics such as COVID-19 have resulted in significant global social and economic disruption. Although polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is recommended as the standard test for identifying the SARS-CoV-2, conventional assays are time-consuming. In parallel, although artificial intelligence (AI) has been employed to contain the disease, the implementation of AI in PCR analytics, which may enhance the cognition of diagnostics, is quite rare. The information that the amplification curve reveals can reflect the dynamics of reactions. Here, we present a novel AI-aided on-chip approach by integrating deep learning with microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (mu PADs) to detect synthetic RNA templates of the SARS-CoV-2 ORFlab gene. The mu PADs feature a multilayer structure by which the devices are compatible with conventional PCR instruments. During analysis, real-time PCR data were synchronously fed to three unsupervised learning models with deep neural networks, including RNN, LSTM, and GRU. Of these, the GRU is found to be most effective and accurate. Based on the experimentally obtained datasets, qualitative forecasting can be made as early as 13 cycles, which significantly enhances the efficiency of the PCR tests by 67.5% (similar to 40 min). Also, an accurate prediction of the end-point value of PCR curves can be obtained by GRU around 20 cycles. To further improve PCR testing efficiency, we also propose AI-aided dynamic evaluation criteria for determining critical cycle numbers, which enables real-time quantitative analysis of PCR tests. The presented approach is the first to integrate AI for on-chip PCR data analysis. It is capable of forecasting the final output and the trend of qPCR in addition to the conventional end-point Cq calculation. It is also capable of fully exploring the dynamics and intrinsic features of each reaction. This work leverages methodologies from diverse disciplines to provide perspectives and insights beyond the scope of a single scientific field. It is universally applicable and can be extended to multiple areas of fundamental research.

PROBLEMATIC ISSUES OF ATTRACTING CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE CRIMES AGAINST INDUSTRIAL SAFETY

Мета. Дати рекомендацп по вдосконаленню нормативно-правових актш щодо регулювання вщповщних правовщносин у сферi кримшалтци дшнь, пов'язаних İ3 порушенням законодавства про охорону пращ. Методика. Дослщження проблемних питань притягнення до вщповщальноста за порушення вимог законодавства про охорону пращ здшснювалося через вивчення та аналш: законодавчо! бази Украши;робта науковщв у вщповщних галузях;аналшу судово! практики (на прикладi аналiзу судово! практики за справами, розглянутими судами загально! юрисдикци Днiпропетровськоī областi та Верховним Судом за останш 3 роки) з питань притягнення осШ до кримшально! вiдповiдальностi за ч.ч. 1, 2 ст. 271 Кримшального кодексу Укра!ни «Порушення шення вимог законодавства про охорону пращ». Результата. Виявлеш окремi проблеми, що виникають при формуваннi кримiнально-правовоī практики притягнення до вщповщальноста осiб, обвинувачених у скоeннi кримiнальних правопорушень, пов'язаних и порушенням законодавства про працю, що призвело до спричинення шкоди здоров'ю працiвника або його загибелi, у тому чи

Association between telemedicine use and diabetes risk factor assessment and control in a primary care network.

PURPOSE: Our study examined whether telemedicine use in primary care is associated with risk factor assessment and control for patients with diabetes mellitus. METHODS: This was a retrospective, 1:1 propensity score matched cohort study conducted in a primary care network between February 2020 and December 2020. Participants included patients with diabetes mellitus, ages 18 to 75. Exposure of interest was any telemedicine visit. We determined whether hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood pressure (BP) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were assessed for each patient. For each risk factor, we also determined whether the risk factor was controlled when they were assessed (i.e., last HbA1c < 8.0%, BP < 130/80 mmHg, LDL-C < 100 mg/dL). RESULTS: After 1:1 propensity score matching, we identified 1,824 patients with diabetes during the study period. Telemedicine use was associated with a lower proportion of patients with all three risk factors assessed (162/912 [18%], versus 408/912 [45%], p < 0.001). However, when individual risk factors were assessed, telemedicine use did not impact risk factor control. When compared with patients with in-person visit only, the odds ratio (OR) for HbA1c < 8% was 1.04 (95% CI 0.74 to 1.46, p = 0.23) for patients with any telemedicine visit. Similarly, the OR for BP < 130/80 mmHg was 1.08 (95% CI 0.85-1.36 p = 0.53), and the OR for LDL-C < 100 mg/dL was 1.14 (95% CI 0.76-1.72, p = 0.52). CONCLUSIONS: Telemedicine use was associated with gaps in risk factor assessment for patients with diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic, but had limited impact on whether risk factors were controlled.

Sleep Quality Of College Students During COVID-19 Outbreak In China: A Cross-Sectional Study

INTRODUCTION: Poor sleep quality among college students is a global problem. Chinese college students were required to home quarantine, social distance and participate in online learning during the COVID-19 epidemic. This study aimed to investigate the sleep quality of college students during the epidemic and identify the factors related to poor sleep quality. METHODS: Study participants completed an online survey that included questionnaires about sleep symptoms and lifestyle during the COVID-19 outbreak. The study participants included 3416 college students (mean age 20.4 ± 1.8 years). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to measure sleep quality, and a PSQI score >7 was defined as poor sleep quality. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors related to sleep quality. RESULTS: The percentage of college students with poor sleep quality was 15.97 % in southern Anhui province during the COVID-19 pandemic. The majority of the students were female (67.4%) and most were from urban areas (53.9%). Single-parent (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.39;95% CI, 1.02-1.89) domestic violence incidents ≥5×/yr (aOR, 3.68;95% CI, 1.70 to 7.96), nap time >4 hr/d (aOR, 1.90;95% CI, 25-2.90) were significantly associated with poor sleep quality. While knowledge of COVID-19 was prevalent (aOR, 0.71;95% CI, 0.53 to 0.96) light exercise >1 hour/day (aOR, 0.47;95% CI, 0.28 to 0.78), parent-accompanied exercise >3×/wk (aOR, 0.59;95% CI, 0.38 to 0.90) were protective factors against poor sleep quality. CONCLUSIONS: The present study found that college students in single-parent families and students who had experienced domestic violence had a high risk of poor sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. College students who were familiar with COVID-19 and had light exercise habits or parent-accompanied exercise habits had better sleep quality. At the time of writing, COVID-19 was still pandemic worldwide, so targeted sleep health interventions must be established to actively guide college students' healthy living habits. In addition, the sleep disorders and other health problems that may occur in college students should be dealt with in advance, and should be part of the routine work of global disease prevention.

College students' Twitter usage and psychological well-being from the perspective of generalised trust: comparing changes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between generalised trust and psychological well-being in college students, considering the social support obtained from their social networks via Twitter and face-to-face (FTF) interactions. Initially, the authors planned to collect data at the beginning of the first semester in 2019 for fine-tuning the model as a pilot study, and in 2020 for the main study. However, due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the data helped authors to analyse changes in young people's psychological situation before and during the pandemic in Japan. Design/methodology/approach: The study conducted a self-report survey targeting college students in the Kanto region in Japan. Data were collected from mid-May to the end of June 2019, as well as in early to mid-June 2020, with 304 and 584 responses, respectively. The collected data were analysed using structural equation modelling and a multiple regression analysis. Findings: The findings using the 2019 data set indicated that (a) students mostly used Twitter for information gathering and sharing of hobbies, and they received both informatics and emotional support from Twitter, and from FTF interactions;(b) there were direct positive effects of generalised trust and social skills on their psychological well-being;and (c) students with lower levels of generalised trust tended to interact with very intimate individuals using Twitter to obtain social support, which did not have any effects on their improvement of psychological well-being. From the 2020 data set, the authors also found that, like 2019, generalised trust and social skills had direct effects on the improvement of psychological well-being. Additionally, we observed that students spent more time using Twitter and received more emotional support from it, as most people tried not to meet other people in person due to the first State of Emergency in Japan. Similarly, the authors found that in 2019, only social support from very intimate partners via FTF communication had slightly significant effects on improving their psychological well-being, whereas in 2020, their expectation for social networks via FTF had decreased their levels of psychological well-being, but their social support from Twitter had slightly significant effects on their improvement of psychological well-being. One of the main reasons for this might be due to the challenge of meeting with others in person, and therefore, social support from Twitter partially played a role that traditionally was only beneficial through FTF communication. Originality/value: We understand that this is one of the few social psychological studies on social media that collected data both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. It provides unique evidence in demonstrating how the COVID-19 pandemic has changed college students communication behaviours. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.

Impact of telemedicine use on blood pressure control during the covid-19 pandemic

Background: Telemedicine use vastly expanded during the Covid-19 pandemic, with uncertain impact on cardiovascular care. quality. Objectives: To examine the association between telemedicine use and blood pressure (BP) control. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of 32,727 adult patients with hypertension (HTN) seen in primary care and cardiology clinics at an urban, academic medical center from February to December, 2020. The primary outcome was poor BP control, defined as having no BP recorded OR if the last recorded BP was ≥140/90 mmHg. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between telemedicine use during the study period (none, 1 telemedicine visit, 2+ telemedicine visits) and poor BP control, adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics. Results: During the study period, no BP was recorded for 486/20,745 (2.3%) patients with in-person visits only, for 1,863/6,878 (27.1%) patients with 1 telemedicine visit, and for 1,277/5,104 (25.0%) patients with 2+ telemedicine visits. After adjustment, telemedicine use was associated with poor BP control (odds ratio [OR], 2.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.94 to 2.18, p<0.001 for 1 telemedicine visit, and OR 2.49, 95% CI 2.31 to 2.68, p<0.001 for 2+ telemedicine visits;reference, in-person visit only). This effect disappears when analysis was restricted to patients with at least one recorded BP (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.95, p=0.001 for 1 telemedicine visit, and OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.99, p=0.03 for 2+ telemedicine visits). Conclusions: BP is less likely to be recorded during telemedicine visits, but telemedicine use does not negatively impact BP control when BP is recorded.

Potential molecular mechanism for Chaiyin Granules against coronavirus infection based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

Objective: To reveal the molecular mechanism of Chaiyin Granules in treatment of coronavirus infection based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods: The chemical constituents of Chaiyin Granules were collected by TCMSP database. SwissTargetPrediction database and GeneCards database were used to predict the potential targets of active ingredients and coronavirus. The potential active ingredients and its targets of Chaiyin Granules in the treatment of coronavirus infection were found through Venn diagram. The potential active compounds-targets network and the PPI network were visualized by Cytoscape 3.7.0. GO-enriched analysis and KEGG pathways analysis were constructed on STRING database. The molecular docking of potential active compounds and key targets was achieved by autodock vina 1.1.2. Results: Fifty-one potential active ingredients and 14 potential targets for Chaiyin Granules on treatment of coronavirus infection were obtained. KEGG pathways analysis showed that 44 metabolic pathways were involved to Chaiyin Granules effect on coronavirus infection, including MAPK signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway, Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway and IL-17 signaling pathway. The results of molecular docking showed that baicalin, cubebin, coptisine, daidzein-4,7-diglucoside, linarin, liquiritin, luteolin and wogonin in Chaiyin Granules had strong affinity with NTRK2, PRKCα, TNF, VEGFA, GSK3β. Conclusion: This study elaborated that baicalin, cubebin and coptisine in Chaiyin Granules interacted with NTRK2, PRKCα, TNF, VEGFA, GSK3β and regulated PI3K-Akt/mTOR, ErbB/Ras and IL-17 signaling pathways to inhibit the invasion and replication of coronavirus and enhance immunity to battle against coronavirus infection. This study provides a research basis and theoretical basis for the application of Chaiyin Granules in the treatment of anti-coronavirus infection.

Mechanism of Jingfang Granule in treatment of coronavirus infection by biological information technology

Objective: To explore the mechanism of Jingfang Granule in treatment of corona virus infection through biological information technology based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods: The databases of TCMIP and TCMSP were used to summarize the flavor and meridian tropism and active compounds of Jingfang Granule, and the potential targets of active compounds were searched by PubChem and SwissTargetPrediction. The corona virus targets were collected from the GeneCards database. And common targets were enriched and analyzed by DAVID database after the intersection of the compounds targets and the disease targets. Then the network of "TCM-Ingredients-Common targets" was established by Cytoscape 3.7.2, the main active components and key targets were screened for molecular docking. Results: Totally 139 active components of Jingfang Granule and 27 common targets were obtained. GO enrichment analysis and KEGG enrichment analysis found that the pathways in cancer, MAPK signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway were the main pathways of Jingfang Granule in treatment of corona virus infection. The network of "TCM-Ingredients-Common targets" was successfully constructed, and results of molecular docking showed that the main components in this network such as β-sitosterol, cerevisterol, isorhamnetin, hesperetin, and luteolin etc., have good affinity with key targets of VEGFA, IL6, TNF, PPARγ, APP, ACE2, and SARS-CoV-2 3CL hydrolase. Conclusion: Jingfang Granule treats corona virus infectious diseases through the compatibility of multiple traditional Chinese medicine. Its resistance to corona virus infection may be through the β-sitosterol, cerevisterol, isorhamnetin, hesperetin, and luteolin act on the VEGFA, IL6, TNF, PPARγ, APP and other targets, and then affects the pathways in cancer, MAPK signal pathway, PI3K-Akt signal pathway, TNF signal pathways to achieve.

Childhood COVID-19: a multicentre retrospective study.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of paediatric patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). METHODS: Paediatric patients diagnosed with COVID-19 between January 15 and March 15, 2020, from seven hospitals in Zhejiang Province, China, were collected retrospectively and analysed. RESULTS: Thirty-two children with COVID-19, ranging in age from 3 months to 18 years, were enrolled. Family aggregation occurred in 87.5% of infant and preschool-aged children (7/8), and also school-aged children (14/16), but in only 12.5% (1/8) of adolescents (p < 0.05, p < 0.001). Most of these patients had mild symptoms: mainly fever (20/32) followed by cough (10/32) and fatigue (4/32). The average durations of viral RNA in respiratory samples and gastrointestinal samples were 15.8 d and 28.9 d, respectively. Detox duration in faeces decreased with age: 39.8 d, 27.5 d and 20.4 d in infants and preschool children, school children, and adolescents respectively (p0-6, -18 <0.01, p0-6, -14 <0.05). Pneumonia was found in 14 children, but there was no statistical significance in the incidence of pneumonia between different age groups. Thirty patients were treated with antiviral drugs, and all patients were stable and gradually improved after admission. CONCLUSIONS: Most children with COVID-19 had a mild process and a good prognosis. More attention should be paid to investigation of household contact history in the diagnosis of COVID-19 in young children. Viral RNA lasts longer in the gastrointestinal system than in the respiratory tract, especially in younger children.